@article{oai:reitaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000274,
 author = {松本, 亜沙子 and Matsumoto, Asako K},
 journal = {比較文明研究, Journal for the Comparative Study of Civilizations},
 month = {Jun},
 note = {The Meiji era (1868-1912)is the period of the dawn of zoology in Japan that laid the foundations for the current state of the science. The difference between Western Zoology and Asian natural history is ascribed to cultural differences in their purpose and perspectives. Western zoology aspires to an understanding of the “Systematics of Nature”. In contrast,Japanese,Chinese and Asian natural history have their roots deep in herbalism and aspire to understanding “Nature from a human perspective” (Isono 1999a).
This manuscript focus on Dr. Kumao Kinoshita (1881-1947) who did research work on Cold-Water Octocoral(CWOC during the Meiji period and his name remains in honor because of his scientific achievement. His papers are still referred as the basic of the scientific literature in the CWOC field. He is one of those who lived through both the Asian natural history and the early Western-systematic zoology period in Japan. He studied octocoral (Coelenterete: Anthozoa: Octocorallia), which including CWOC, at the Zoological Laboratory of the Imperial Univeritiy of Tokyo (University of Tokyo)and disserted his Ph.D.Thesis in 1912. He also undertook very fruitful expeditions to the Uji Islands (1907, 1908) and the Koshikijima Islands (1910) of Kagoshima prefecture and the Kashiwajima Islands of Kochi prefecture (1909)(Matsumoto umpublishd data, Anonymous 1907, Kinoshita 1909b). His family was very famous as one of the great landed gentry of Higo- Kumamoto-han (Kumamoto prefecture)from the time of Daimyo “Kiyomasa Kato”,the military chieftain and feudal lord of Kumamoto castle (1588-1611) (Inudou 2000; Kinoshita 1983; Kinoshita 2009; Matsumoto 2003; “Kinoshita family and Tamana”). Kumao’s father, Sukeyuki Kinoshita, was also a leading figure of the landed gentry during the Yedo era. He become the president of the Kumamoto prefectural assembly and a member of the House of Representatives of the first Imperial Diet (Kinoshita 1983; Kinoshita 2009, “Kinoshita family and Tamana”). Kumao’s uncle was the famous Ison Kinoshita (1805-1867) who was a private teacher of a feudal lord and the heir apparent Higo-Kumamoto-han during the Yedo era. He was president of the official school of Kumamoto-han, the so called “Kinoshita school”where about 900students studied. One of his students, Kowashi Inouye (1843-1895), later held the portfolio of Education in the Meiji government and Torao Yoneda become the grand chamberlain of the Emperor Meiji (Inudou 2000). Kowashi Inouye married the daughter of Ison Kinoshita, who was a cousin of Kumao. The first president of the Imperial University of Kyoto, Hirotugu Kinoshita, was a cousin of Kumao and Hirotugu’s wife was Kumao’s sister. Their son, Michio Kinoshita, Kumao’s nephew, was vice-grand chamberlain of the Emperor Showa, Hirohito (Kinoshita 2009). Michio married Kumao’s other niece (Fuwa 2008). Ritsuko Harada (Kinoshita), lady-in-waiting of the Empress Showa, was Kumao’s distant relation (Kinoshita 2009). Kinoshita’s family was the foundation-stone of the state in the transitional period from the Yedo era to the Meiji era in every sort of area. They fulfilled the role of bridgebuilder between Western civilization and Yedo- Asian-culture, as with the joining of western zoology and Asian natural history which Dr.Kumao Kinoshita did. Unfortunately,most Japanese scientists have lost the philosophy of the Yedo Asian-culture in recent years. This manuscript concludes that the time has come for scientists to transvalue and learn about the Yedo-Asian natural history that aspired to understanding “Nature from a human perspective”.},
 pages = {103--129},
 title = {明治の西洋動物学の黎明―木下熊雄},
 volume = {16},
 year = {2011},
 yomi = {マツモト, アサコ}
}